A passenger plane and a Japanese coast guard aircraft collided on the runway at Tokyo’s Haneda Airport and burst into flames, with five people on the smaller plane killed, officials said.

All 379 people on Japan Airlines flight JAL-516 got out safely before the plane was engulfed in flames, transport minister Tetsuo Saito confirmed.

The pilot of the coast guard plane escaped but the five crew members died, Mr Saito said.

Tuesday’s accident was the first time one of the Airbus A350, among the industry’s newest large passenger planes, was severely damaged.

It entered commercial service in 2015.

The Japan Airlines A350 had flown from Shin Chitose airport near the city of Sapporo, the transport minister said.

Airbus in a statement said it was sending specialists to help Japanese and French authorities and that the plane was delivered to Japan Airlines in late 2021.

JAL managing executive officer Tadayuki Tsutsumi told a news conference late on Tuesday that the A350 was making a “normal entry and landing” on the runway, without specifying how it collided with the coast guard plane.

Noriyuki Aoki, also a managing executive officer at JAL, said that the airline’s understanding is that the JAL flight had received permission to land from aviation control officials.

Police are expected to investigate the accident on suspicion of professional negligence, NHK television reported.

Coast guard spokesperson Yoshinori Yanagishima said its Bombardier Dash-8 plane, which is based at Haneda, had been due to head to Niigata to deliver relief goods to residents affected by a deadly earthquake in the region on Monday.

The turboprop Dash-8 is widely used on short-haul and commuter flights.

The coast guard pilot reported to his base that his aircraft exploded after colliding with the commercial plane, Vice Commander Yoshio Seguchi told reporters.

Shigenori Hiraoka, head of the Transport Ministry Civil Aviation Bureau, said the collision occurred when the JAL plane landed on one of Haneda’s four runways where the coast guard aircraft was preparing to take off.

CORRECTION Japan Plane Fire
Firefighters near the Japanese coast guard aircraft on the runway of Haneda airport (Kyodo News via AP)

Transport safety officials were analysing communication between aviation control officials and the two aircraft and planned to interview JAL officials to determine what led to the collision.

Mr Hiraoka praised JAL for “taking appropriate procedures” to safely evacuate all passengers and crew members.

Swede Anton Deibe, 17, a passenger on the Japan Airlines plane, told Swedish newspaper Aftonbladet that “the entire cabin was filled with smoke within a few minutes. We threw ourselves down on the floor.

“Then the emergency doors were opened and we threw ourselves at them.

“The smoke in the cabin stung like hell. It was a hell. We have no idea where we are going so we just run out into the field. It was chaos,” Anton added.

Another passenger told NHK television that cabin attendants were calm and told everyone to leave their baggage behind, then all lights went off and the temperature inside the cabin started rising.

The passenger said she was afraid she might not get off the plane alive.

The transport minister said officials were doing their utmost to prevent any delays in the delivery of relief goods and other operations for the disaster-hit region.

Transport officials said the airport’s three other runways had reopened.

Japan Plane Fire
Everyone on board escaped from the passenger plane (NTV/AP)

Haneda is one of the busiest airports in Japan, and many people travel over the New Year holidays.

Haneda is the busier of two major airports serving the Japanese capital, with many international and transcontinental flights.

It is particularly favoured by business travellers due to its proximity to central parts of the city.

The twin-engine, twin-aisle A350 is used by a number of long-haul international carriers.

More than 570 of the aircraft are in operation, according to Airbus.

JAL operates 16 of the A350-900 version aircraft, according to its website.

It recently announced details of 13 of the newer A350-1000 variant it plans to bring into service, saying it will become “the airline’s new flagship for international service after nearly 20 years”.

The first of those planes arrived a few weeks ago, slated for the Haneda-New York JFK route.

The International Air Transport Association trade group said on the X social media platform that its thoughts were with those aboard the two aircraft, saying that “the last two days have been difficult for Japan”.

The fire is likely to be seen as a key test case for airplane fuselages made from carbon-composite fibres, such as the A350 and the Boeing 787, instead of conventional aluminum skins.

“We don’t know that much about how composites burn,” safety consultant John Cox said.

“This is the most catastrophic composite-airplane fire that I can think of. On the other hand, that fuselage protected (passengers) from a really horrific fire – it did not burn through for some period of time and let everybody get out.”